How long is the flight from England to Malaysia?

Shenzhen Airlines, Gulf Air, and Air Arabia can get you from England to Malaysia in just under 16h 15m. Your travel time can differ by up to 21h 25m. The distance from England to Malaysia is about 6578 mi. When browsing for deals, the options you’ll see will be for both direct flights and flights with stops.

What are the cheapest airlines to fly from England to Malaysia one-way?

£160 is the cheapest one-way deal found within the past few days, from AirAsia X. You may also be able to find cheap deals on Turkmenistan Airlines and Singapore Airlines, with prices starting from £232 and £232, respectively.

In terms of precipitation, rainfall in Malaysia ranges from 120.0 - 280.0 inches per month. November is typically the wettest month, when rainfall can reach 280.0 mm. June is typically the driest time to visit Malaysia when rainfall is around 120.0 mm.

If weather is an important factor for your trip to Malaysia, use this chart to help with planning. For those seeking warmer temperatures, April is the ideal time of year to visit, when temperatures reach an average of 28.0 C. Travellers hoping to avoid the cold should look outside of January, when temperatures are typically at their lowest (around 27.0 C).

Can I find deals for flights from England to Malaysia that include hotel bookings?

Yes. In addition to deals on England to Malaysia flights, Cheapflights offers holiday packages that include both flights and hotel.

How can I find direct flights from England to Malaysia?

After entering your origin and destination, apply the non-stop filter on the search result page to find direct flights from England to Malaysia.

Can I find deals for business class flights from England to Malaysia?

Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from England to Malaysia by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.

£239+ Cheap Flights from England to Malaysia

Cheap flight deals from England to Malaysia

Enter your travel dates to find the best prices.

Cheapest

Best

Direct

Last-minute

One-way

Cheapest flights from England to Malaysia
Explore the most affordable flight options available from England to Malaysia. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 10 September 2026.

Sun 27/912:35 -

1 stop22h 15m

Tue 13/1018:50 -

1 stop18h 45m

Deal found 9/9£392

Sun 8/1121:00 -

1 stop26h 30m

Wed 18/1108:30 -

1 stop41h 00m

Deal found 6/9£458

Mon 2/1121:00 -

1 stop26h 30m

Sun 22/1108:30 -

1 stop41h 00m

Deal found 7/9£458

Wed 4/1121:00 -

1 stop26h 30m

Wed 25/1108:30 -

1 stop41h 00m

Deal found 6/9£463

Fri 2/1015:40 -

2 stops34h 30m

Fri 9/1010:00 -

2 stops31h 50m

Deal found 9/9£481

Mon 12/1011:40 -

1 stop18h 05m

Wed 21/1014:00 -

1 stop23h 30m

Deal found 9/9£484

Thu 10/922:00 -

1 stop36h 45m

Sun 27/900:15 -

1 stop27h 10m

Deal found 9/9£484

Mon 16/1110:30 -

1 stop20h 10m

Sun 22/1101:55 -

1 stop20h 05m

Deal found 9/9£485

Sun 4/1010:00 -

1 stop20h 30m

Mon 30/1117:35 -

2 stops29h 10m

Deal found 8/9£485

Fri 9/1009:30 -

1 stop16h 15m

Fri 16/1010:00 -

1 stop20h 10m

Deal found 9/9£485

Mon 23/1122:00 -

1 stop36h 00m

Thu 28/119:00 -

1 stop31h 35m

Deal found 7/9£486

Wed 11/1110:35 -

2 stops20h 55m

Sat 21/1117:35 -

2 stops20h 45m

Deal found 8/9£486

Best flights from England to Malaysia
Discover carefully curated flight deals from England to Malaysia that have cost, travel time, and stopovers in mind to ensure you get the best travel experience. Data last updated 10 September 2026.

Mon 23/1107:30 -

2 stops24h 30m

Mon 30/1117:25 -

2 stops29h 00m

Deal found 5/9£529

Mon 21/922:05 -

1 stop37h 40m

Tue 20/1003:05 -

1 stop23h 55m

Deal found 4/9£551

Wed 3/309:30 -

2 stops22h 00m

Sun 28/317:35 -

2 stops28h 45m

Deal found 6/9£552

Sat 14/1108:45 -

1 stop16h 15m

Mon 23/1103:05 -

1 stop20h 30m

Deal found 4/9£559

Sat 10/1009:20 -

1 stop16h 05m

Sat 24/1009:50 -

1 stop28h 25m

Deal found 9/9£591

Thu 31/1222:30 -

1 stop96h 05m

Thu 28/108:15 -

1 stop33h 25m

Deal found 9/9£594

Sun 1/1121:10 -

Nonstop12h 55m

Tue 1/1223:15 -

Nonstop14h 05m

Deal found 9/9£610

Sun 4/1021:20 -

1 stop27h 10m

Sun 25/1008:30 -

1 stop41h 00m

Deal found 4/9£644

Thu 24/909:55 -

2 stops26h 30m

Wed 21/1017:00 -

2 stops24h 45m

Deal found 4/9£657

Mon 22/208:35 -

1 stop15h 40m

Thu 4/319:55 -

1 stop18h 00m

Deal found 7/9£660

Fri 26/210:25 -

Nonstop12h 50m

Fri 2/409:50 -

Nonstop13h 45m

Deal found 4/9£681

Sun 22/1121:25 -

1 stop17h 35m

Mon 7/1220:35 -

1 stop17h 00m

Deal found 9/9£691

Tue 29/921:05 -

1 stop17h 45m

Mon 12/1002:15 -

1 stop17h 45m

Deal found 6/9£714

Mon 1/209:50 -

1 stop22h 50m

Tue 2/323:55 -

1 stop17h 20m

Deal found 7/9£742

Tue 6/1009:00 -

2 stops28h 05m

Tue 13/1021:35 -

2 stops40h 05m

Deal found 6/9£762

Mon 16/1109:15 -

2 stops27h 50m

Mon 7/1220:35 -

2 stops24h 15m

Deal found 5/9£883

Wed 14/1015:35 -

3 stops21h 10m

Wed 21/1021:55 -

3 stops23h 25m

Deal found 4/9£536

Mon 21/922:05 -

1 stop37h 40m

Wed 21/1003:05 -

1 stop23h 45m

Deal found 4/9£551

Tue 29/919:35 -

1 stop23h 45m

Mon 12/1003:15 -

1 stop22h 20m

Deal found 6/9£559

Sun 4/1009:15 -

2 stops34h 05m

Tue 6/1020:00 -

2 stops27h 30m

Deal found 4/9£538

Thu 25/210:10 -

2 stops21h 20m

Sat 13/317:35 -

2 stops20h 50m

Deal found 6/9£596

Mon 11/110:55 -

1 stop46h 25m

Wed 17/223:45 -

1 stop24h 35m

Deal found 8/9£598

Fri 30/1008:45 -

1 stop16h 15m

Mon 9/1109:50 -

1 stop33h 55m

Deal found 5/9£559

Fri 27/1119:55 -

1 stop15h 50m

Fri 29/103:20 -

1 stop16h 55m

Deal found 8/9£627

Wed 18/1121:10 -

Nonstop12h 55m

Thu 26/1123:15 -

Nonstop14h 05m

Deal found 4/9£644

Sat 3/1012:45 -

2 stops24h 00m

Sat 10/1009:50 -

2 stops21h 00m

Deal found 6/9£542

Wed 7/1009:00 -

1 stop23h 10m

Mon 12/1019:20 -

1 stop18h 20m

Deal found 9/9£661

Mon 16/1110:55 -

1 stop46h 25m

Tue 1/1210:10 -

1 stop31h 45m

Deal found 4/9£607

Mon 16/1121:40 -

2 stops33h 50m

Tue 9/317:35 -

2 stops21h 00m

Deal found 7/9£622

Sun 21/220:15 -

1 stop17h 40m

Thu 11/310:15 -

1 stop15h 40m

Deal found 6/9£714

Find flight deals from England to Malaysia

Round-trip from	£392
One-way from	£239
Popular in	December
Cheapest in	November
Average price	£617
Good round-trip deal	£581 or less
Good one-way deal	£630 or less

XiamenAir
27/9-13/10
2 total stops
41h 00m total
England to Malaysia

Search Deals

7/10-31/12
2 total stops
35h 15m total
England to Malaysia

Search Deals

Highest demand for flights based on searches. 2% potential increase in price (£12 potential increase over avg. return price).

Search Deals

Cheapest flight prices on average. 2% potential price decrease (£13 potential savings vs. average return price).

Search Deals

Average for round-trip flights in September 2026

Search Deals

Price to beat on a round-trip flight from England to Malaysia.

Search Deals

Price to beat on a one-way flight from England to Malaysia.

Search Deals

Fly from

Fly to

Route

Depart

Return

Price

Cheapest return flight

ManchesterKuala Lumpur

MAN Manchester - KUL Kuala Lumpur Intl

MANKUL

Manchester

Tue 3/11

15:25-08:40

3 stops33h 15m

Kuala Lumpur Intl

Wed 31/12

00:00-17:30

Nonstop0h 00m

£266

LondonKuala Lumpur

LTN London Luton - KUL Kuala Lumpur Intl

LTNKUL

London Luton

Mon 1/3

05:00-08:40

2 stops19h 40m

Kuala Lumpur Intl

Wed 31/12

00:00-17:30

Nonstop0h 00m

£300

LondonKuala Lumpur

LTN London Luton - KUL Kuala Lumpur Intl

LTNKUL

London Luton

Tue 17/11

21:45-02:15

3 stops44h 30m

Kuala Lumpur Intl

Wed 31/12

00:00-17:30

Nonstop0h 00m

£300

LondonKuala Lumpur

LTN London Luton - KUL Kuala Lumpur Intl

LTNKUL

London Luton

Fri 8/1

05:00-08:40

2 stops19h 40m

Kuala Lumpur Intl

Wed 31/12

00:00-17:30

Nonstop0h 00m

£301

LondonKuala Lumpur

LTN London Luton - KUL Kuala Lumpur Intl

LTNKUL

London Luton

Sat 9/1

06:50-08:40

2 stops41h 50m

Kuala Lumpur Intl

Wed 31/12

00:00-17:30

Nonstop0h 00m

£307

LondonKuala Lumpur

LTN London Luton - KUL Kuala Lumpur Intl

LTNKUL

London Luton

Thu 25/2

15:05-08:10

3 stops33h 05m

Kuala Lumpur Intl

Wed 31/12

00:00-17:30

Nonstop0h 00m

£307

LondonKuala Lumpur

LGW London Gatwick - KUL Kuala Lumpur Intl

LGWKUL

London Gatwick

Sat 3/10

19:35-02:20

1 stop23h 45m

Kuala Lumpur Intl

Wed 31/12

00:00-17:30

Nonstop0h 00m

£328

LondonKuala Lumpur

LGW London Gatwick - KUL Kuala Lumpur Intl

LGWKUL

London Gatwick

Wed 4/11

08:45-02:15

1 stop33h 30m

Kuala Lumpur Intl

Wed 31/12

00:00-17:30

Nonstop0h 00m

£337

LondonKuala Lumpur

LGW London Gatwick - KUL Kuala Lumpur Intl

LGWKUL

London Gatwick

Sat 31/10

08:45-09:00

1 stop16h 15m

Kuala Lumpur Intl

Wed 31/12

00:00-17:30

Nonstop0h 00m

£337

LondonPenang

LHR London Heathrow - PEN Penang Intl

LHRPEN

London Heathrow

Mon 2/11

21:00-07:30

1 stop26h 30m

Penang Intl

Wed 31/12

00:00-17:30

Nonstop0h 00m

£361

Flights are sorted by cheapest return flights first.

Deals found on 6/9

Showing 1-10 of 60 resultsSorted by cheapest first

...

Best time to book a flight from England to Malaysia

Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to Malaysia from England with our price prediction graph.

LTN-KUL

LHR-KUL

LGW-KUL

MAN-KUL

LHR-PEN

Estimated return price

Rates are based on past data. Find the cheapest month and day to book your flight based on your travel requirements, then search for cheap deals.

Cheapflights Insights

Everything you need to know about your flight from England to Malaysia

GBENG-MY0

LTN-KUL

LHR-KUL

LGW-KUL

MAN-KUL

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from England to Malaysia?

Currently, November is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from England to Malaysia (average of £603). Flying from England to Malaysia in December is currently the most expensive (average of £864). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.

What is the cheapest time of day to fly from ENG to MY?

One of the essential ways to save on airfare from England to Malaysia is to remain as flexible as possible. Flights that are at midday tend to be the most expensive. A flight in the morning could potentially save you up to 70% on airfare.

Weekly flight availability from England to Malaysia

The most flights from GBENG to MY0 are scheduled on a Wednesday (10 on average). You will have fewer flight options on Saturday, which is when the least amount of flights are scheduled (7 on average).

How far ahead should I book a flight from England to Malaysia?

Booking 89 days in advance of your planned departure date is, on average, the best time to get cheap flights from England to Malaysia. The general trend is that the closer you book to the departure date, the more expensive your flight will be.

Related info for your journey

How long is the flight from England to Malaysia?
Shenzhen Airlines, Gulf Air, and Air Arabia can get you from England to Malaysia in just under 16h 15m. Your travel time can differ by up to 21h 25m. The distance from England to Malaysia is about 6578 mi. When browsing for deals, the options you’ll see will be for both direct flights and flights with stops.
What are the cheapest airlines to fly from England to Malaysia one-way?
£160 is the cheapest one-way deal found within the past few days, from AirAsia X. You may also be able to find cheap deals on Turkmenistan Airlines and Singapore Airlines, with prices starting from £232 and £232, respectively.
Can I find deals for flights from England to Malaysia that include hotel bookings?
Yes. In addition to deals on England to Malaysia flights, Cheapflights offers holiday packages that include both flights and hotel.
How can I find direct flights from England to Malaysia?
After entering your origin and destination, apply the non-stop filter on the search result page to find direct flights from England to Malaysia.
Can I find deals for business class flights from England to Malaysia?
Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from England to Malaysia by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.
What is the cheapest month to book a flight from England to Malaysia?
Currently, November is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from England to Malaysia (average of £603). Flying from England to Malaysia in December is currently the most expensive (average of £864). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.

See more FAQs

Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip

Alternative routes

Complete your trip

Direct flights to

Flights by cabin class

Other flight options

Popular flights

Return Flight Options

Top destinations

Top regions

Alternative routes for England to Malaysia

Heathrow to Suvarnabhumi flights

Gatwick to Suvarnabhumi flights

Stansted to Suvarnabhumi flights

London City to Suvarnabhumi flights

Heathrow to Haneda flights

Heathrow to New Delhi flights

Heathrow to Don Mueang Intl flights

Heathrow to Mumbai flights

Heathrow to Hong Kong flights

Luton to Suvarnabhumi flights

Gatwick to Don Mueang Intl flights

Heathrow to Narita flights

Heathrow to Colombo flights

Manchester to Suvarnabhumi flights

Gatwick to Haneda flights

Gatwick to Narita flights

Heathrow to Kuala Lumpur Intl flights

Heathrow to Manila flights

Heathrow to Islamabad flights

Stansted to Narita flights

Manchester to Islamabad flights

Stansted to Haneda flights

Gatwick to New Delhi flights

Stansted to New Delhi flights

Gatwick to Manila flights

London City to Narita flights

Gatwick to Mumbai flights

Stansted to Mumbai flights

Heathrow to Hongqiao Intl flights

Stansted to Manila flights

Heathrow to Singapore flights

Heathrow to Lahore flights

Gatwick to Hong Kong flights

Heathrow to Incheon Intl flights

Stansted to Islamabad flights

Gatwick to Singapore flights

London City to Hong Kong flights

Manchester to Don Mueang Intl flights

Gatwick to Ahmedabad flights

Stansted to Hong Kong flights

Heathrow to Phuket City flights

Gatwick to Islamabad flights

Heathrow to Dhaka flights

London City to Manila flights

Heathrow to Ahmedabad flights

Heathrow to Bangalore flights

Luton to New Delhi flights

Stansted to Colombo flights

London City to Haneda flights

Top 10 airlines flying from England to Malaysia

Airline	Cheapest	Average	Flexibility	On-time
KLM	Cheapest£146	Average£769	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time75%	Search KLM flights
AirAsia X	Cheapest£160	Average£432	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time66%	Search AirAsia X flights
Juneyao Airlines	Cheapest£295	Average£557	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time66%	Search Juneyao Airlines flights
Turkish Airlines	Cheapest£304	Average£734	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time77%	Search Turkish Airlines flights
Shenzhen Airlines	Cheapest£339	Average£507	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time63%	Search Shenzhen Airlines flights
Air India	Cheapest£341	Average£601	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-timeN/A	Search Air India flights
China Southern	Cheapest£355	Average£563	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time69%	Search China Southern flights
China Eastern	Cheapest£362	Average£679	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time62%	Search China Eastern flights
Hainan Airlines	Cheapest£372	Average£425	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time61%	Search Hainan Airlines flights
Lufthansa	Cheapest£373	Average£669	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time76%	Search Lufthansa flights

Fly with Cheapflights

How does Cheapflights help users find flights from England to Malaysia?

Cheapflights makes it easy to find England to Malaysia flights by helping our users search from 900+ travel sites for deals. We also provide you with filters for cabin, price, airline, airports, number of stops, and many more to narrow down that perfect flight.

Why should you use Cheapflights to find cheap flight tickets from England to Malaysia?

Cheapflights helps you find that perfect flight to Malaysia from England by searching from hundreds of airlines and agencies you know and love. We are also free to use, in case you were wondering!

Can Cheapflights find flights from England to Malaysia with no change fees?

Certainly. Search results for flights to Malaysia from England shown to you on Cheapflights can be narrowed down with different useful search filters, which includes flexible booking options.

Can Cheapflights notify me if prices for flights from England to Malaysia become cheaper?

Yes, and it’s super simple to set up. Click the bell icon next to the flight deals above and provide a valid email address to enable Price Alerts. That’s it!

100% Free

Cheapflights is completely free to use, so you can start saving the moment you arrive.

Book with Flexibility

Our users can plan ahead with confidence and find flights with no change fees

Travel Smart

Millions of people come to us for their flight needs every year. We help make travel planning easy by providing useful insights and data-driven graphs that can inform your decisions.

Cheap flights from England to Malaysia from £239

This is the cheapest retur flight price found by a Cheapflights user in the last 72 hours by searching for a flight departing on 7/10. Fares are subject to change and may not be available on all flights or dates of travel.

Cheap flight deals from England to Malaysia

Cheapest flights from England to MalaysiaExplore the most affordable flight options available from England to Malaysia. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 10 September 2026.

Explore the most affordable flight options available from England to Malaysia. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 10 September 2026.

Best flights from England to MalaysiaDiscover carefully curated flight deals from England to Malaysia that have cost, travel time, and stopovers in mind to ensure you get the best travel experience. Data last updated 10 September 2026.

Discover carefully curated flight deals from England to Malaysia that have cost, travel time, and stopovers in mind to ensure you get the best travel experience. Data last updated 10 September 2026.

Direct flights from England to MalaysiaExplore direct flight options from England to Malaysia based on user searches, and compare prices and availability for your desired travel dates. Data last updated 10 September 2026.

Explore direct flight options from England to Malaysia based on user searches, and compare prices and availability for your desired travel dates. Data last updated 10 September 2026.

Last-minute flights from England to MalaysiaDiscover last-minute flight deals from England to Malaysia. Data last updated 10 September 2026 and is based on user searches.

Discover last-minute flight deals from England to Malaysia. Data last updated 10 September 2026 and is based on user searches.

One-way flights from England to MalaysiaSearch for one-way flight options from England to Malaysia. Find affordable one-way fares based on user searches. Data last updated 10 September 2026.

Search for one-way flight options from England to Malaysia. Find affordable one-way fares based on user searches. Data last updated 10 September 2026.

Find flight deals from England to Malaysia

Round-trip from

One-way from

Popular in

Cheapest in

Average price

Good round-trip deal

Good one-way deal

Cheapflights Fare Finder

Use the filters below to find and compare flights from England to Malaysia that are best for you.

Best time to book a flight from England to Malaysia

Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to Malaysia from England with our price prediction graph.

Cheapflights Insights

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from England to Malaysia?

What is the cheapest time of day to fly from ENG to MY?

Find hourly flight availability from England to Malaysia. Discover flight options and departure times throughout the day, allowing you to choose a departure time that suits your schedule. Data last updated 10 September 2026.

One of the essential ways to save on airfare from England to Malaysia is to remain as flexible as possible. Flights that are at midday tend to be the most expensive. A flight in the morning could potentially save you up to 70% on airfare.

Weekly flight availability from England to Malaysia

Explore weekly flight availability from England to Malaysia. Discover flights operating on different days of the week, giving you the flexibility to choose a travel day that best fits your plans. Compare info to find the most convenient option for your journey. Data last updated 10 September 2026.

The most flights from GBENG to MY0 are scheduled on a Wednesday (10 on average). You will have fewer flight options on Saturday, which is when the least amount of flights are scheduled (7 on average).

How far ahead should I book a flight from England to Malaysia?

Booking 89 days in advance of your planned departure date is, on average, the best time to get cheap flights from England to Malaysia. The general trend is that the closer you book to the departure date, the more expensive your flight will be.

Related info for your journey

How long is the flight from England to Malaysia?

What are the cheapest airlines to fly from England to Malaysia one-way?

Can I find deals for flights from England to Malaysia that include hotel bookings?

How can I find direct flights from England to Malaysia?

Can I find deals for business class flights from England to Malaysia?

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from England to Malaysia?

Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip

Toggle through the tabs below to find thousands of options on Cheapflights for your next trip.

Alternative routes for England to Malaysia

See prices for flight routes from nearby airports that may be better suited for you.

Complete your trip

Complete your trip to Malaysia by adding a car hire and/or hotel booking to your travel itinerary.

Direct flights to

Book a non-stop flight to one of these other cities located in .

Search flights from England to Malaysia by cabin class

Find flights from England to Malaysia, based on your preferred cabin class, be it economy, premium economy, business, or first class.

England and Malaysia flights

Browse other England and Malaysia flight options. Last updated on 10 September 2026.

Popular flight searches

Check out other popular destinations found by fellow travellers in 2026

Find a return flight route from Malaysia

Find the right flight back to England after your stay in Malaysia

England to Malaysia flights

Consider these flights travelling from England to Malaysia.

Fly to Malaysia regions

Consider these flights travelling to Malaysia regions.

Top 10 airlines flying from England to Malaysia

Fly with Cheapflights

How does Cheapflights help users find flights from England to Malaysia?

Why should you use Cheapflights to find cheap flight tickets from England to Malaysia?

Can Cheapflights find flights from England to Malaysia with no change fees?

Can Cheapflights notify me if prices for flights from England to Malaysia become cheaper?

100% Free

Book with Flexibility

Travel Smart

Cheapest flights from England to Malaysia
Explore the most affordable flight options available from England to Malaysia. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 10 September 2026.

Best flights from England to Malaysia
Discover carefully curated flight deals from England to Malaysia that have cost, travel time, and stopovers in mind to ensure you get the best travel experience. Data last updated 10 September 2026.

Direct flights from England to Malaysia
Explore direct flight options from England to Malaysia based on user searches, and compare prices and availability for your desired travel dates. Data last updated 10 September 2026.

Last-minute flights from England to Malaysia
Discover last-minute flight deals from England to Malaysia. Data last updated 10 September 2026 and is based on user searches.

One-way flights from England to Malaysia
Search for one-way flight options from England to Malaysia. Find affordable one-way fares based on user searches. Data last updated 10 September 2026.