Cheap flights from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport from £260
This is the cheapest one-way flight price found by a Cheapflights user in the last 72 hours by searching for a flight departing on 21/7. Fares are subject to change and may not be available on all flights or dates of travel.
NRT — CMB
16 Jul — 23 Jul1
Return
1 adult
Economy
Return
1 adult, Economy, 0 bags
Cheapflights Tip: The best prices from Tokyo Narita to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl are usually found in September or November, booked 80 days in advance, depart on a Monday or Tuesday and return on a Monday
Cheap flight deals from Narita to Colombo
Enter your travel dates to find the best prices.
Cheapest
Best
Direct
Last-minute
One-way
Cheapest flights from Narita to Colombo
Explore the most affordable flight options available from Narita to Colombo. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 16 June 2026.
Tue 1/913:50
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop32h 40m
China Eastern
Tue 8/920:30
CMB
-
NRT
1 stop20h 55m
China Eastern
Deal found 14/6£424
Fri 11/913:50
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop32h 40m
China Eastern
Fri 11/1220:20
CMB
-
NRT
1 stop21h 05m
China Eastern
Deal found 14/6£425
Mon 6/708:20
NRT
-
CMB
2 stops30h 40m
Multiple Airlines
Fri 4/910:40
CMB
-
NRT
2 stops30h 40m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 15/6£436
Wed 2/913:50
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop32h 40m
China Eastern
Thu 17/920:30
CMB
-
NRT
1 stop12h 00m
China Eastern
Deal found 12/6£443
Tue 7/721:50
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop30h 45m
Multiple Airlines
Fri 4/910:40
CMB
-
NRT
2 stops30h 40m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 15/6£446
Fri 4/916:55
NRT
-
CMB
2 stops31h 45m
China Eastern
Wed 16/920:30
CMB
-
NRT
1 stop20h 55m
China Eastern
Deal found 12/6£448
Wed 2/910:55
NRT
-
CMB
2 stops37h 45m
China Eastern
Wed 16/920:30
CMB
-
NRT
1 stop12h 50m
China Eastern
Deal found 12/6£449
Tue 21/720:20
NRT
-
CMB
2 stops32h 15m
Multiple Airlines
Fri 4/910:40
CMB
-
NRT
2 stops30h 40m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 15/6£452
Sun 13/913:00
NRT
-
CMB
2 stops35h 40m
China Eastern
Thu 17/922:10
CMB
-
NRT
3 stops19h 15m
China Eastern
Deal found 15/6£455
Sun 5/708:20
NRT
-
CMB
3 stops41h 05m
Multiple Airlines
Fri 11/922:55
CMB
-
NRT
2 stops17h 20m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 15/6£464
Sun 5/708:20
NRT
-
CMB
3 stops41h 05m
Multiple Airlines
Sat 5/910:40
CMB
-
NRT
2 stops17h 50m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 15/6£467
Best flights from Narita to Colombo
Discover carefully curated flight deals from Narita to Colombo that have cost, travel time, and stopovers in mind to ensure you get the best travel experience. Data last updated 16 June 2026.
Tue 1/913:50
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop32h 40m
China Eastern
Tue 8/922:10
CMB
-
NRT
2 stops35h 10m
China Eastern
Deal found 14/6£449
Fri 11/913:50
NRT
-
CMB
2 stops34h 50m
China Eastern
Fri 11/1220:20
CMB
-
NRT
1 stop16h 05m
China Eastern
Deal found 14/6£449
Thu 2/713:50
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop32h 40m
China Eastern
Sun 12/720:30
CMB
-
NRT
1 stop20h 55m
China Eastern
Deal found 12/6£489
Sun 5/716:55
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop29h 35m
China Eastern
Sat 5/920:30
CMB
-
NRT
1 stop15h 55m
China Eastern
Deal found 15/6£490
Wed 29/716:55
NRT
-
CMB
3 stops31h 45m
China Eastern
Tue 1/920:30
CMB
-
NRT
1 stop20h 55m
China Eastern
Deal found 14/6£496
Tue 30/613:50
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop32h 40m
China Eastern
Sat 11/722:10
CMB
-
NRT
2 stops19h 15m
China Eastern
Deal found 14/6£496
Mon 3/816:55
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop29h 35m
China Eastern
Sat 5/922:10
CMB
-
NRT
3 stops19h 15m
China Eastern
Deal found 13/6£543
Thu 23/716:55
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop29h 35m
China Eastern
Sat 5/922:10
CMB
-
NRT
2 stops19h 15m
China Eastern
Deal found 13/6£543
Wed 29/716:55
NRT
-
CMB
3 stops31h 45m
China Eastern
Mon 7/920:30
CMB
-
NRT
1 stop15h 55m
China Eastern
Deal found 12/6£554
Wed 5/816:55
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop29h 35m
China Eastern
Thu 20/822:10
CMB
-
NRT
3 stops34h 20m
China Eastern
Deal found 12/6£600
Thu 16/713:50
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop32h 40m
China Eastern
Sat 5/922:10
CMB
-
NRT
3 stops19h 15m
China Eastern
Deal found 13/6£601
Direct flights from Narita to Colombo
Explore direct flight options from Narita to Colombo based on user searches, and compare prices and availability for your desired travel dates. Data last updated 16 June 2026.
Thu 16/711:15
NRT
-
CMB
Nonstop9h 15m
SriLankan Airlines
Sat 25/719:50
CMB
-
NRT
Nonstop8h 50m
SriLankan Airlines
Deal found 14/6£716
Sun 5/711:15
NRT
-
CMB
Nonstop9h 15m
SriLankan Airlines
Sat 5/919:50
CMB
-
NRT
Nonstop8h 50m
SriLankan Airlines
Deal found 15/6£736
Thu 16/711:15
NRT
-
CMB
Nonstop9h 15m
SriLankan Airlines
Sat 5/919:50
CMB
-
NRT
Nonstop8h 50m
SriLankan Airlines
Deal found 13/6£745
Sun 5/711:15
NRT
-
CMB
Nonstop9h 15m
SriLankan Airlines
Fri 11/919:50
CMB
-
NRT
Nonstop8h 50m
SriLankan Airlines
Deal found 15/6£746
Thu 16/711:15
NRT
-
CMB
Nonstop9h 15m
SriLankan Airlines
Fri 11/919:50
CMB
-
NRT
Nonstop8h 50m
SriLankan Airlines
Deal found 15/6£748
Tue 21/711:15
NRT
-
CMB
Nonstop9h 15m
SriLankan Airlines
Sat 5/919:50
CMB
-
NRT
Nonstop8h 50m
SriLankan Airlines
Deal found 13/6£781
Tue 28/711:15
NRT
-
CMB
Nonstop9h 15m
SriLankan Airlines
Fri 11/919:50
CMB
-
NRT
Nonstop8h 50m
SriLankan Airlines
Deal found 15/6£783
Thu 23/711:15
NRT
-
CMB
Nonstop9h 15m
SriLankan Airlines
Sat 5/919:50
CMB
-
NRT
Nonstop8h 50m
SriLankan Airlines
Deal found 13/6£784
Tue 21/711:15
NRT
-
CMB
Nonstop9h 15m
SriLankan Airlines
Fri 11/919:50
CMB
-
NRT
Nonstop8h 50m
SriLankan Airlines
Deal found 14/6£786
Tue 7/711:15
NRT
-
CMB
Nonstop9h 15m
SriLankan Airlines
Fri 4/919:50
CMB
-
NRT
Nonstop8h 50m
SriLankan Airlines
Deal found 14/6£1,272
Last-minute flights from Narita to Colombo
Discover last-minute flight deals from Narita to Colombo. Data last updated 16 June 2026 and is based on user searches.
Sun 5/708:20
NRT
-
CMB
2 stops20h 15m
Multiple Airlines
Sat 5/910:40
CMB
-
NRT
2 stops17h 50m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 15/6£449
Sun 5/708:20
NRT
-
CMB
3 stops41h 05m
Multiple Airlines
Fri 11/922:55
CMB
-
NRT
2 stops17h 20m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 15/6£464
Sun 5/716:55
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop29h 35m
China Eastern
Fri 11/920:30
CMB
-
NRT
1 stop20h 55m
China Eastern
Deal found 15/6£473
Sun 5/713:00
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop33h 30m
China Eastern
Thu 3/922:10
CMB
-
NRT
3 stops19h 15m
China Eastern
Deal found 14/6£475
Mon 6/708:20
NRT
-
CMB
2 stops30h 40m
Multiple Airlines
Fri 4/910:40
CMB
-
NRT
2 stops30h 40m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 15/6£436
Tue 7/721:50
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop30h 45m
Multiple Airlines
Fri 4/910:40
CMB
-
NRT
2 stops30h 40m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 15/6£446
Wed 8/713:50
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop32h 40m
China Eastern
Fri 11/920:30
CMB
-
NRT
1 stop20h 55m
China Eastern
Deal found 15/6£471
Mon 20/710:25
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop18h 10m
Multiple Airlines
Fri 4/910:40
CMB
-
NRT
2 stops30h 40m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 15/6£468
Mon 20/716:55
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop29h 35m
China Eastern
Fri 11/920:30
CMB
-
NRT
1 stop12h 50m
China Eastern
Deal found 15/6£473
Tue 21/720:20
NRT
-
CMB
2 stops32h 15m
Multiple Airlines
Fri 4/910:40
CMB
-
NRT
2 stops30h 40m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 15/6£452
One-way flights from Narita to Colombo
Search for one-way flight options from Narita to Colombo. Find affordable one-way fares based on user searches. Data last updated 16 June 2026.
Tue 21/709:15
NRT
-
CMB
2 stops43h 20m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 12/6£260
Mon 3/809:55
NRT
-
CMB
2 stops27h 15m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 12/6£262
Fri 11/916:30
NRT
-
CMB
3 stops32h 50m
VietJet Air
Deal found 15/6£263
Wed 1/710:25
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop18h 10m
Batik Air
Deal found 14/6£265
Wed 1/708:20
NRT
-
CMB
3 stops41h 05m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 14/6£268
Wed 19/809:15
NRT
-
CMB
1 stop16h 30m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 14/6£271
Tue 28/711:50
NRT
-
CMB
2 stops40h 45m
Multiple Airlines
Deal found 13/6£274
Find flight deals from Narita to Colombo
Discover tips and strategies to find the most affordable flight options for your journey from Narita (NRT) to Colombo (CMB). Learn about various techniques such as flexible date searches, comparing prices across and setting up price alerts. Use these methods to find the cheapest flights available for your travel needs. Data last updated 16 June 2026.
Customise your flight search to find flights from Narita to Colombo that fit within your specific budget. Explore options based on user searches and filter the results based on your desired price range. Find flights that match your budget for a cost-effective journey. Over the last 7 days, Cheapflights users made 858,174 searches. Data last updated 16 June 2026.
Use the filters below to find and compare flights from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport that are best for you.
Fly from
Fly to
Route
Depart
Return
Price
Cheapest return flight
TokyoColombo
NRT - CMB
NRTCMB
Tokyo Narita
Tue 1/9
13:50-19:00
1 stop32h 40m
Colombo Bandaranaike Intl
Tue 8/9
22:10-12:50
2 stops35h 10m
£449
TokyoColombo
NRT - CMB
NRTCMB
Tokyo Narita
Fri 11/9
13:50-21:10
2 stops34h 50m
Colombo Bandaranaike Intl
Fri 11/12
20:20-15:55
1 stop16h 05m
£449
TokyoColombo
NRT - CMB
NRTCMB
Tokyo Narita
Thu 2/7
13:50-19:00
1 stop32h 40m
Colombo Bandaranaike Intl
Sun 12/7
20:30-20:55
1 stop20h 55m
£489
Fastest return journey
TokyoColombo
NRT - CMB
NRTCMB
Tokyo Narita
Sun 5/7
16:55-19:00
1 stop29h 35m
Colombo Bandaranaike Intl
Sat 5/9
20:30-15:55
1 stop15h 55m
£490
TokyoColombo
NRT - CMB
NRTCMB
Tokyo Narita
Wed 29/7
16:55-21:10
3 stops31h 45m
Colombo Bandaranaike Intl
Tue 1/9
20:30-20:55
1 stop20h 55m
£496
TokyoColombo
NRT - CMB
NRTCMB
Tokyo Narita
Tue 30/6
13:50-19:00
1 stop32h 40m
Colombo Bandaranaike Intl
Sat 11/7
22:10-20:55
2 stops19h 15m
£496
TokyoColombo
NRT - CMB
NRTCMB
Tokyo Narita
Mon 3/8
16:55-19:00
1 stop29h 35m
Colombo Bandaranaike Intl
Sat 5/9
22:10-20:55
3 stops19h 15m
£543
TokyoColombo
NRT - CMB
NRTCMB
Tokyo Narita
Thu 23/7
16:55-19:00
1 stop29h 35m
Colombo Bandaranaike Intl
Sat 5/9
22:10-20:55
2 stops19h 15m
£543
TokyoColombo
NRT - CMB
NRTCMB
Tokyo Narita
Wed 29/7
16:55-21:10
3 stops31h 45m
Colombo Bandaranaike Intl
Mon 7/9
20:30-15:55
1 stop15h 55m
£554
TokyoColombo
NRT - CMB
NRTCMB
Tokyo Narita
Wed 5/8
16:55-19:00
1 stop29h 35m
Colombo Bandaranaike Intl
Thu 20/8
22:10-12:00
3 stops34h 20m
£600
Flights are sorted by cheapest return flights first.
Deals found on 14/6
Showing 1-10 of 22 resultsSorted by cheapest first
1
2
3
Best time to book a flight from Narita to Colombo
Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to Colombo from Narita with our price prediction graph.
NRT-CMB
Estimated return price
Rates are based on past data. Find the cheapest month and day to book your flight based on your travel requirements, then search for cheap deals.
Cheapflights Insights
Everything you need to know about your flight from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport
Prices
Delays
More
How far ahead should I book a flight from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport?
The price you pay for your flight from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport may vary depending on when you book. For the best chance of a lower fare, look to book 79 days in advance of your trip. Fares are likely to increase a fortnight or so before your departure date.
What is the cheapest month to book a flight from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport?
Currently, September is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport (average of £454). Flying from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport in October is currently the most expensive (average of £601). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.
What is the cheapest time of day to fly from NRT to CMB?
Find hourly flight availability from Narita to Colombo. Discover flight options and departure times throughout the day, allowing you to choose a departure time that suits your schedule. Data last updated 16 June 2026.
When flying from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport, the time of day you decide to fly out makes little to no difference towards the overall price you’ll pay on tickets.
How much does it cost for a return flight from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport?
How often are flights from Tokyo to Colombo delayed?
About 40% of weekly flights between Tokyo and Colombo have experienced delays in the past year, with the average delay time being 130 minutes.
What is the most punctual flight time for Tokyo to Colombo flights?
Historically, flights departing in the morning are less likely to be delayed, whereas flights leaving in the morning tend to experience delays more often.
What day of the week experiences the fewest flight delays on this route?
Tuesday tends to have the lowest number of delays on this route, whereas Thursday has historically faced a higher average of delays compared to other days of the week.
Which airline has the best punctuality record on Tokyo to Colombo flights?
Over the past year, SriLankan Airlines have had the lowest number of delays on this route, with just 40% of flights being delayed.
What’s the top stopover airport for flights from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport?
Share of one-stop return flights from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport chosen by Cheapflights users in the past 12 months, using the same stopover each way.
Hong Kong (HKG) – chosen by Cheapflights users on 52% of one-stop itineraries from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport on Cheapflights.
What’s the cheapest stopover airport for flights from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport?
Average return fare for one-stop flights from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport, chosen by Cheapflights users in the past 12 months, with the same stopover each way.
Kuala Lumpur (KUL) is the most affordable one-stop option, with an average return flight price of £489.
What’s the fastest stopover option from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport?
Shortest average travel time for one-stop one-way flights from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport, based on itineraries clicked by Cheapflights users over the past 12 months, grouped by stopover airport.
Flights via Hong Kong (HKG) have the shortest average one-way travel time for one-stop routes: 12h 44m.
Which airport typically offers the quickest stopover for flights from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport?
Average stopover duration for one-stop one-way flights from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport, chosen by Cheapflights users in the last 12 months, grouped by stopover airport.
Flights via Hong Kong (HKG) offer the fastest connection on this route, with an average stopover time of 2h 03m.
Reviews of airlines servicing Colombo
Get insights into the airlines that provide service to Colombo. Read reviews, discover amenities, and learn about the overall travel experience offered by airlines. Use this information to make informed decisions when choosing an airline for your flight to Colombo. Reviews last updated 16 June 2026.
Check out reviews from past customers who have flown with Cathay Pacific,Malaysia Airlines, andSriLankan Airlines from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport to help guide your decision. You can also see how each airline stacks up in terms of entertainment options, comfort, food, crew/service, and boarding process.
Flight was late 30 min so was not able to catch next flight. Instead of Delhi they send to Hyderabad and from their to Delhi. It took full 8hours more. Lot of trouble and confusion 😕
Flight was late 30 min so was not able to catch next flight. Instead of Delhi they send to Hyderabad and from their to Delhi. It took full 8hours more. Lot of trouble and confusion 😕
Flight was late 30 min so was not able to catch next flight. Instead of Delhi they send to Hyderabad and from their to Delhi. It took full 8hours more. Lot of trouble and confusion 😕
Flight was late 30 min so was not able to catch next flight. Instead of Delhi they send to Hyderabad and from their to Delhi. It took full 8hours more. Lot of trouble and confusion 😕
Related info for your journey
Find useful and relevant information for your journey from Narita to Colombo. Access travel guides, tips, and recommendations to enhance your travel experience. Get information about local attractions, weather, transportation options, and more.
How long is the flight from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport?
A quick flight from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport can take about 32h 40m. China Eastern provides one of the quickest options available for as low as £449. There are 4281 mi between Tokyo Narita Airport and Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport.
What are the cheapest airlines flying from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport round-trip?
Malaysia Airlines, at £349, was found to be the cheapest airline from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport.Alternate airlines flying return to your destination include Cathay Pacific and SriLankan Airlines. These flights start at 34% lower than the current average price 3 months from now.
What are the cheapest flights from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport?
Looking for the cheapest flight from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport? While on average our users pay £403, our data indicates the cheapest price to be £298. The most popular route (Tokyo Narita - Colombo Bandaranaike Intl), is priced around £436.
Can I find deals for business class flights from Narita to Colombo?
Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from Narita to Colombo by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.
What is the cheapest month to book a flight from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport?
Currently, September is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport (average of £454). Flying from Tokyo Narita Airport to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport in October is currently the most expensive (average of £601). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.
Travelling to a place near Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport?
Book flights to Colombo Bandaranaike Intl Airport if you plan to visit one of these locations
Negombo
Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip
Toggle through the tabs below to find thousands of options on Cheapflights for your next trip.
Colombo flight routes
Complete your trip
Direct flights to Sri Lanka
Flights by cabin class
Other flight options
Popular flights
Other flights to Colombo
Explore flights to Colombo departing from other origins. Flights are based on user searches made on Cheapflights and were last updated on 16 June 2026.
Discover the top 3 airlines that operate flights from Narita to Colombo. Compare their services, reliability, and customer satisfaction ratings to choose the airline that best suits your travel preferences and needs. Over the last 7 days, Cheapflights users made 858,174 searches. Data last updated 16 June 2026.
Find the best flight deals on Cheapflights, where travellers can enjoy low prices and a wide availability of flights to their desired destinations.
How does Cheapflights help users find flights from Narita to Colombo?
Cheapflights goes through 900+ travel sites to look for the best flight deals for flights from Narita to Colombo. Too many options? Cheapflights also provides filters for things like airlines, price ranges, and number of stops to help you make a decision easily.
Why should you use Cheapflights to find cheap flight tickets from Narita to Colombo?
Cheapflights simply makes it quick and affordable to book flights from Narita to Colombo by bringing together all flight options from hundreds of airlines and agencies online — and put it in one place for you to choose from. Plus, Cheapflights is 100% free to use for all.
Can Cheapflights find flights from Narita to Colombo with no change fees?
Certainly. Search results for flights to Colombo from Narita shown to you on Cheapflights can be narrowed down with different useful search filters, which includes flexible booking options.
Can Cheapflights notify me if prices for flights from Narita to Colombo become cheaper?
Of course! You can now track prices for flights from Narita to Colombo and get an alert from Cheapflights when they change. Have a valid email address ready and click the bell icon next to the flight deals above to set up your price alerts.
100% Free
Cheapflights is completely free to use, so you can start saving the moment you arrive.
Book with Flexibility
Our users can plan ahead with confidence and find flights with no change fees
Travel Smart
Millions of people come to us for their flight needs every year. We help make travel planning easy by providing useful insights and data-driven graphs that can inform your decisions.
We value your privacy
Cheapflights and its partners wish to use cookies or similar technologies to store and/or access information on and about your device and process personal data such as your IP address, device identifiers etc., in order to improve your experience on the site, to analyse navigation, to offer and measure personalised advertising, and to facilitate sharing on social networks. We also allow the use of third-party cookies (including those from our advertising partners) on our sites.
By clicking 'Accept', you consent to your data being processed by 0 vendors on this web site for the purposes described in this notice. You can review the vendors and their individual processing purposes on the .
To review individual processing purposes and cookie categories, please click ’Select individual purposes’. You can review your choices and withdraw your consent at any time by clicking the ’Privacy Preferences’ link in the page side navigation.